{"id":5776,"date":"2020-01-17T14:22:09","date_gmt":"2020-01-17T14:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/comedy-romance.blog\/?p=5776"},"modified":"2020-01-17T14:22:09","modified_gmt":"2020-01-17T14:22:09","slug":"history-of-confrontation-psychotherapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mind55555.com\/tr\/2020\/01\/17\/history-of-confrontation-psychotherapy\/","title":{"rendered":"HISTORY OF CONFRONTATION IN PSYCHOTHERAPY"},"content":{"rendered":"

The   psychoanalytic use of  confrontation was,  of  course, originated     by Sigmund  Freud. Freud believed that the pathological factor in   neurosis was not the patient\u2019s ignorance of his mental mechanisms but his \u201cinner resistance,\u201d  which brought the ignorance into being  in  the first place. Therefore, Freud generally remained passive and  limited  confrontation to interpretation of  transference and resistance, and to occasional reality testing.Freudian psychoanalysts  have in general  continued to follow this practice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many analysts who followed Freud used confrontation in a less     limited way. Karen Horney, who broke with Freud over the importance  of the influence of cultural factors, rejected the role of  the analyst as merely an \u201cinterpreting voice\u201d rather than a reactive human being. If  she believed the patient was \u201crunning into a blind alley\u201d she would not hesitate to actively intervene and suggest alternatives.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alfred Adler  was the first of  these analysts who actively confronted   his patients with their self-deception. He encouraged them to  relinquish negative \u201clife-styles\u201d and to adopt \u201cpositive roles.\u201d Sandor Rado, who also began as a classical analyst,  originated the \u201cadaptational\u201d school of analysis. He confronted patients with the need for change and emphasized that insight occurs only through practice in daily living  as the patient \u201cautomatizes\u201d  new, more healthy behavior.Bernard Robbins was originally identified with Horney, but late went on to develop confrontation to its ultimate  therapeutic advantage. He believed that it is necessary for therapists to actively  intervene in getting patients to change their actual practice: \u201cInner growth does not come from within, but through man\u2019s practice on  the outside  world (Robbins, 1952).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many family therapists use even  more  active confrontation      techniques. For example,  Salvator Minuchin uses confrontation in a   process he calls \u201crestructuring operations\u201d  which are  \u201cthe  therapeutic interventions that confront and challenge a family in the attempt to force a therapeutic change.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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